16: Smallholding from Turup

Husmandssted fra Turup mark, i Den Fynske Landsby.

Husmandssted fra Turup Mark i Den Fynske Landsby.

Husmandssted fra Turup Mark, før flytningen tilæ Den Fynske Landsby.

Husmandssted fra Turup Mark, før flytningen til Den Fynske Landsby.

Intro

The house from Turup (no. 16) is a typical Funen smallholding which is open out towards the road. The house from Turup Mark is fitted out as the home of a farmer who also has house painting as a subsidiary occupation.

The oldest documentary source, from 1800, describes the house when it was in Vedtofte as a two-winged, mixed centre-post and timber-framed house of seven bays. It was in good condition with oak timber externally and pine tie beams and doors. At the south end of the dwelling house there were two bays with a brew house and a bake-oven. A southern wing of nine bays contained a byre and a peat- and woodshed. A total of 16 bays in 1800. In 1843, there were three wings. The dwelling house had been extended to eight bays. It was very wide, c. 10 alen (6 m). The east wing had four bays x 6 alen of raw bricks, and the west wing of five bays x 6 alen, similarly with raw bricks in the panels. In the east wing, living quarters were fitted out in three bays, which seems reasonable as there were six adults and three children living in the house. The remaining comprised a byre. The west wing was used as a barn. In 1843, there was still a total of 16 bays, but now 11 served as living quarters, compared to seven previously. The Turup House is timber-framed with remnants of a centre-post construction. It has oak timber externally and pine timber internally. The panels and internal partition walls are of unfired/sun-dried bricks. It is thatched with reed with kragetræer on the ridge. The bake-oven is built extending out through the north wall and is covered by an overhang extending out from the eaves of the roof. There is a common chimney for the oven and the hearth in contrast to the farms which typically have two chimneys.

At the end of the 18th century the house was inhabited by Rasmus Skomager who was a copyholder under Frederiksdal – the later Krengerup. In 1800, he was succeeded by his son Christen Rasmussen. In 1844, the smallholding had an area of land of 3 skæpper, 3 fjerding and ¾ album hartkorn. This corresponds to c. 1/3 tønde hartkorn. Not very much, but more than when the house lay in The bake- oven bulges out from the scullery wall. As it is constructed of unfired bricks, a covering roof is a necessity. Vedtofte. It is therefore to be presumed that one of the reasons for moving out of the village and right up to the parish boundary was that there was more available land. A later occupant, Knud Jesper Andersen, had six children by his wife, Sidsel Marie Jensdatter. She died in 1873. In 1875, he bought the house as hereditary copyhold, which was a kind of freehold. He later remarried, to Karen Marie Rasmussen, who had turned up as a foster child in about 1880. In 1941, Hans Marius Nielsen bought the house. He sold in on in 1946 to The Funen Village, where it was erected in 1947-48.

The Turup House comes from the boundary between Turup Mark in Turup parish and Vedtofte Mark in Vedtofte parish in SW Funen, east of Assens. On being dismantled in 19xx, the house stood on the Turup side, whereas the land lay on both sides of the parish boundary on title no. 37, Turup, and title no. 25a, Vedtofte. However, as it was originally built in front of the church in Vedtofte, before it was moved during the first half of the 19th century out to the boundary between Turup and Vedtofte parishes, it could just as well – or perhaps even more correctly – have been named the Vedtofte House. The Turup House was a “house with land”, i.e. an agricultural holding but smaller than a farm. As there was farming there was a need for more than just living quarters. In this case, with time, two small farm of farm buildings were added on. The house is, hereby, typical of a humble, three-winged Funen smallholding – of a type which became common during the 19th century. Turup House was occupied by craftsmen and tradesmen and other people of limited means. They had land, but not enough to live on. As it was these people’s houses that came to characterise settlement development of the 19th century, it is important that they are well represented at The Funen Village. Both those without land and only a single wing and the two- and three-winged building complexes.